“大加拿大”的构思美好 但问题多多

2018 移民新政:加拿大移民部公布2019-2021 移民指标配额 Immigration Levels Plan

10月31日,加拿大联邦移民部公布了未来三年的移民配额计划:将在2019年吸收33万的移民,在未来三年中更有吸纳超过百万移民数量的计划!

express-entry-year-end-report-2017 1

express-entry-year-end-report-2017 1


加拿大联邦快速通道移民年报(英文版)2017 express-entry-year-end-report-2017

据联邦移民部公布的消息:未来三年加拿大移民配额为,2019年33.08万人,2020年为34.1万人,2020年更增加至35万人。

如此算来,未来三年本国计划吸纳的移民总数为102.18万人。 到2020年,加拿大每年将接受相当于总人口百分之一的新移民!

由此次公布的配额计划可以看出,加拿大联邦政府仍在坚持吸纳移民的政策,并将规模进一步扩大。去年,加拿大移民部长胡森(Ahmed Hussen)曾明确表示,加拿大未来几年,每年的移民配额不会低于30万,他当时就说,这只是一个新的底线。

而同样是在在一年前,移民部把以往按年公布移民配额计划的做法,改成一次宣布三年配额数字。当时的计划是自2018年至2020年共接收98万移民,而此次公布的计划对于未来两年的配额均有所增加,完爆百万大关!

Hussen说,加拿大政府2017年将移民配额增加至30万,是因为我们要让许多家庭与他们的家人团聚。同时,雇主们也要求我们允许继续引入更多的移民,满足他们的生意发展。2017年的30万移民配额中,经济类移民比上一年增加了22%,体现政府希望移民继续成为未来经济的一个关键成分。

根据本次公布计划,加拿大此次吸纳新移民包括:经济类移民,家庭团聚类移民以及难民。其中大多数将会是经济移民,约占总数58%。这些移民需通过各种特别经济项目的审批,以便更好的适应加拿大劳动力市场的需要,建设充满活力和包容性的社区。

移民是增长人口主力军

如今,加拿大移民已经成为助力国家人口增长的主力军,占人口比率已经创下近一个世纪以来的最高位。

2016年人口普查统计数据显示,有21.9%的加拿大人是移民或永久居民,这一比例接近1921年的最高位22.3%,也高于10年前2006年的19.8%,达到过去85年以来的最高比率。

目前,移民三大来源国是菲律宾、印度和中国,有超过60%的新移民来自亚洲和中东,而来自非洲的移民也已经超过欧洲。

据加拿大官方数据,2017-2018年,加拿大80%的人口增长来自于移民,目前,加拿大人口还到4000万,为了弥补劳动力的日渐短缺和人口老龄化的压力,仍需要大量移民来填补。

加拿大统计局估计,到2036年,移民将占加拿大人口的30%。经济发达的大城市也是移民最喜欢的地方,三大城市中,2016年移民占了多伦多人口的46.1%,温哥华人口的40.8%,蒙特利尔人口的23.4%。

也就是说,在多伦多和温哥华,有近一半的人是移民。所以在这样一个世界上最多元的社会,任何一个外来的移民都不会感觉被排斥,因为追溯到上一代,你能看到的每张面孔几乎都是移民的后代。

联邦移民部长胡森(Ahmed Hussen)表示,移民是加拿大未来经济的中流砥柱。在3年计划后,至2021年,配额将重点向高技能的经济类移民倾斜。

 

 超过176万华裔移民

加拿大有多少华裔,2017年有关部门曾给出一个准确的数字:1,769,195——占到全国总人口的5.1%,排在所有族裔的第七位,前六位分别是加拿大裔,英国裔,苏格兰裔、法国裔、爱尔兰裔和德国裔。如今这个数字应该只增不减。

华裔是加拿大除了欧洲裔的最大族裔,在社会各个方面都扮演者举足轻重的地位。或许你会问,才5%怎么会那么重要?别忘了加拿大发展的不均衡,华人也是伴随着经济发展而流动的,绝大多数华人都集中在几个主要城市。7大城市中的华人占全加拿大华人总数的近90%,而多伦多和温哥华两地的华人占全国总数的68%。可见,华人分布异常集中。

在这其中最让人瞠目的是温哥华,虽然华裔比多伦多少了20万,但华裔人口占比达到了惊人21%!而且温哥华是一个都市群,在温哥华地区的列治文市,华人比例甚至接近50%,鳞次栉比的华人餐厅、商场、学校,满街的中文牌匾、满耳的中国方言,站在街头你甚至会怀疑还在中国。

 

  逐步增加移民人口数量

不过胡森也表示,移民人口目标需要缓步增加实现,自由党正在采取一种有条不紊的方法,既能够确保移民系统的正常运转,也有助于社区慢慢吸纳新增人口。

去年全球难民人口数量创6,850万新高,联合国高级难民专员呼吁全球各国加大力度为那些因战乱、暴力和迫害被迫流离失所的难民提供援助。加拿大也计划到2021年,逐步将人道家庭团聚和担保类难民接收人口目标从现在的4.3万增至5.17万。

胡森重提一项新的资助计划,即容许加拿大公民为难民担保的做法,这一做法也被英国、爱尔兰和德国等国家效仿。他还透露,政府也计划拨款拟在未来2年接收1,000名成年及未成年的弱势女性难民。

如此看来,“Welcome to Canada!”还真不是一句空话!

Ottawa, October 31, 2018— Following the tabling of the 2018 Annual Report to Parliament on Immigration on October 31, 2018, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada is pleased to release details on the Government of Canada’s immigration levels plan for 2019-2021.

The new levels plan replaces the three-year plan introduced in fall 2017, which for the first time in over 15 years set out planned immigration levels for more than a single year (see: 2018-2020 Immigration Levels Plan). The Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship revisits the plan each fall to adjust planned levels for the coming years, as required.

The 2019-2021 plan renews the three-year time frame and is designed to contribute to an immigration system that strengthens the Canadian middle class through economic growth, supports diversity and helps build vibrant, dynamic and inclusive communities, while maintaining border integrity to preserve the safety and security of Canadians.

The 2019-2021 plan includes a small number of adjustments to previously-announced targets in 2019 and 2020. These adjustments are identified below. The new plan also commits to increasing admissions to 350,000 in 2021, which will be equal to nearly 1% of Canada’s population.

Summary of adjustments to levels targets in 2019 and 2020 and levels in 2021

 

  • 2019: In the 2018 federal Budget the Government of Canada committed to resettle an additional 1,000 vulnerable women and girls as refugees. Both the Government-assisted Refugee target and the overall levels target have been adjusted upwards by 800 admissions to align with this commitment (since 200 of these admissions are expected in 2018).
  • 2020: The target in the Protected Persons and Dependents Abroad category is increased by 1,000 admissions to help address growing demand, and the overall target is increased by the same amount, from 340,000 to 341,000. An additional adjustment is made by exchanging 700 spaces from the Blended Visa Office Referred Program to the Government-assisted Refugee Program, with no net change to the number of resettled refugees Canada intends to accept. This is an opportunity to better plan for meeting resettlement objectives in light of challenges in meeting the Blended Visa Office Referred Program target.
  • 2021: The plan increases by an additional 9,000 admissions, with 6,500 allocated to the Economic Class and 2,500 to humanitarian streams to address demand pressures in these categories.
Note on Quebec’s planned levels

Given the timing of the Quebec general election, Quebec’s planned levels for 2019 and beyond were not finalized in time to be included in this plan. Targets will be established following consultation with the Government of Quebec.

2019-2021 Immigration Levels Plan    2019-2021加拿大移民配额一览表
Immigration Category

移民大类

Category

类别

2019
Target

目标

2019
Low

下线

2019
High

上线

2020
Target

F7

目标

2020
Low下线
2020
High

上线

2021
Target

F7

目标

2021
Low下线
2021
High上线
Economic

经济类

Federal High Skilled

Footnote 1

联邦高技术移民

81,400 76,000 86,000 85,800 81,000 88,000 88,800 84,000 91,000
Economic Pilots

Footnote 2 – Caregivers

Footnote 3

经济类试点:护理/保姆移民

14,000 8,000 15,500 5,000 4,000 7,000 To be determined(待定)
Economic Pilots

Footnote 2 – Atlantic Immigration Pilot Program

经济类试点:大西洋省份试点移民项目

2,000 1,000 5,000 4,000 2,000 5,000 To be determined(待定)
Federal Business

Footnote 4

联邦商业移民

700 500 1,500 700 500 1,500 700 500 1,500
Provincial Nominee Program

省提名项目移民

61,000 57,000 68,000 67,800 62,000 71,000 71,300 67,000 74,000
Quebec Skilled Workers and Business

Footnote 5

魁省技术移民和商业移民

To be determined (待定)
Total Economic

总额:

191,600 174,000 209,500 195,800 181,000 206,000 202,300 189,000 212,000
Family

家庭担保类

Spouses, Partners,

and Children

配偶子女移民

68,000 66,000 76,000 70,000 66,000 78,000 70,000 66,000 78,000
Parents and Grandparents

父母,祖父母移民

20,500 17,000 22,000 21,000 18,000 24,000 21,000 18,000 24,000
Total Family

总额

88,500 83,000 98,000 91,000 84,000 102,000 91,000 84,000 102,000
Refugees and Protected Persons

难民和受保护人士

Protected Persons in Canada and Dependents Abroad

在加拿大受保护人士及海外子女

16,500 14,000 20,000 18,000 16,000 20,000 20,000 17,000 22,000
Resettled Refugees – Government Assisted

政府协助难民

9,300 7,500 9,500 10,700 9,000 11,000 10,700 9,000 11,000
Resettled Refugees – Blended Visa Office Referred

海外签证办公室推荐难民

1,650 1,000 3,000 1,000 500 2,500 1,000 500 2,500
Resettled Refugees – Privately Sponsored

私人担保难民

19,000 17,000 21,000 20,000 18,000 23,000 20,000 18,000 23,000
Total Refugees and Protected Persons

总额

46,450 39,500 53,500 49,700 43,500 56,500 51,700 44,500 58,500
Humanitarian and Other

人道同情

Total Humanitarian and OtherFootnote 6

人道同情类移民

4,250 3,500 5,000 4,500 3,500 5,000 5,000 4,000 6,000
Overall Planned Permanent Resident Admissions

计划批准永久居民总数:

330,800 310,000 350,000 341,000 310,000 360,000 350,000 320,000 370,000
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